What is the consequence of a cross-connection in a water distribution system?

A cross-connection in a water distribution system creates a situation where non-potable water can mix with potable (drinking) water. The primary concern with cross-connections is the risk of contamination. If a non-potable source, such as irrigation systems, industrial processes, or sewage, is inadvertently allowed to connect to the drinking water supply, harmful substances can enter the potable water. This poses significant health risks to consumers due to the potential presence of pathogens, chemicals, or other pollutants.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the implications of a cross-connection. Improved water taste is not a consequence of a cross-connection; in fact, contamination typically leads to a decline in water quality. Increased water pressure is unrelated to the presence of a cross-connection, as pressure dynamics in a distribution system are influenced by other factors, such as system design and water demand. Lastly, reduced operation costs is not a valid outcome of having cross-connections; instead, they can lead to costly consequences including health crises, expensive remediation measures, and potential regulatory fines due to violations of safe water standards. Thus, the potential for contamination of the potable water supply is the most critical consequence of a cross-connection.