Name one common method of water disinfection.

Chlorination is a widely used method of water disinfection that involves adding chlorine to water to eliminate harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. This process is effective because chlorine has strong oxidizing properties, which can effectively destroy pathogens and provide a residual disinfectant in the water distribution system, helping to prevent future contamination.

Chlorination is favored due to its effectiveness, relatively low cost, and ease of application in various water treatment settings. The presence of chlorine in the water ensures that it remains safe for consumption as it travels through the distribution network, making it a critical step in maintaining public health.

Other methods of disinfection, like filtration and heating, serve distinct purposes and are often used in conjunction with chlorination to achieve a well-rounded treatment process. Filtration primarily removes suspended solids and some pathogens but may not address certain viruses, while heating (like pasteurization) can destroy microorganisms but is typically used in smaller applications rather than large-scale water treatment. Ultrasonication utilizes sound waves to agitate particles in the water but is less common in standard municipal water treatment practices.