How does temperature affect water distribution systems?

Temperature plays a significant role in water distribution systems, particularly in how it influences the physical properties of the materials used for pipes and the overall quality of the water being distributed. As temperatures rise, materials such as PVC or metal can expand, potentially affecting the integrity of the piping system. This expansion can lead to changes in pressure, which may impact flow rates and system efficiency.

Additionally, temperature fluctuations can affect water quality. Warmer water can foster the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, potentially compromising the safety of the drinking water. This is particularly crucial in systems where water may sit stagnant, as increased temperatures can lead to decreased dissolved oxygen levels and promote the growth of harmful organisms.

In contrast to the other choices, it is clear that temperature does have substantial effects on both the physical properties of the distribution system and its overall water quality, validating the choice that describes this impact comprehensively.